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Table 4 Estimated impacts of pre-school, school, and post-school experiences on verbal cognitive skills: alternative variable specifications (N = 1,448)

From: What determines adult cognitive skills? Influences of pre-school, school, and post-school experiences in Guatemala

  

Z scores

RCS + prelit

Quartiles

Life-cycle stage

Representation

Tobit

IV-GMM

IV-GMM

E1

HAZ score at age 6

0.097 (0.144)

0.870 (3.520)

0.292 (0.133)

E2

School attainment

0.099 (0.030)

2.710 (0.569)

0.086 (0.026)

E3

Skilled job tenure

0.025 (0.015)

0.699 (0.386)

0.035 (0.014)

Age at interview in 2000–2004

0.140 (0.109)

3.613 (3.024)

0.208 (0.104)

Age at interview squared ×10

−0.025 (0.016)

0.658 (0.454)

−0.034 (0.015)

Constant

7.035 (43.28)

−0.436 (1.519)

Test diagnostics

χ2 or F statistic

61.9

19.6

14.4

[p value]

[<0.01]

[<0.01]

[<0.01]

Hansen J test [p value]

[0.26]

[0.21]

Hausman test [p value]

[<0.01]

[<0.01]

[<0.01]

  1. Instrumental variables estimation using all instruments identified in Table 2. For Tobit, we report derivatives evaluated at the mean (dP/dx)), other results are IV-GMM as in Table 3. Standard errors calculated allowing for clustering at the birth-year-community cohort level (64 clusters) are shown in parentheses below coefficient estimates which are in bold if significant at 5 % or lower; p values are in brackets