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Table 3 IV estimates (TSLS): determinants of corruption. Dependent variable: share of corruption on GDP (logs)

From: The effect of coca and FDI on the level of corruption in Bolivia

Variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

Jan 93-Dec 2012

Jan 93-Dec 2001

Jan 93-Dec 2012

Jan 93-Dec 2001

Jan 93-Dec 2012

Jan 93-Dec 2001

Intercept

10.569** (51.87)

11.437** (11.48)

9.438** (33.10)

11.283** (8.66)

10.041** (24.32)

11.564** (8.23)

Real GDP per capita

−1.181** (−24.37)

−1.509** (−6.02)

−1.196** (−26.80)

−1.416** (−9.70)

−1.189** (−24.33)

−1.514** (−6.11)

Share of FDI on GDP

−0.067** (−6.40)

0.023 (0.53)

  

−0.061** (−5.13)

0.023 (0.52)

Share of total trade on GDP

  

0.225** (4.08)

−0.037 (−0.19)

0.127 (1.45)

−0.022 (−0.11)

Price of Coca

−0.031** (−2.51)

0.097** (3.42)

−0.059** (−4.39)

0.092** (2.74)

−0.043** (−2.91)

0.095** (2.79)

Evo dummy

0.066 (1.93)

–

0.002 (0.06)

–

0.015 (0.31)

–

Year dummies

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Instruments

5

5

5

5

6

6

Adj. R2

0.94

0.85

0.94

0.85

0.94

0.85

# of observations

210

107

239

107

210

107

  1. t-statistics in parenthesis
  2. ** indicates significance at the 5 % level of or above