Measuring the efficiency of public schools in Uruguay: main drivers and policy implications

Latin American Economic Review

Table 7 Efficiency drivers: second-stage estimations (PISA 2012)

Explanatory variables	Conventional Tobit^a			Truncated + bootstrap^b			Tobit + bootstrap^a			OLS + bootstrap
Explanatory variables	Coef.	SE	t	Coef.	SE	z	Coef.	SE	z	Coef.	SE	z
PCTCORRECT	−0.152	0.068	−2.25**	−0.176	0.108	−1.65*	−0.152	0.075	−2.04**	−0.142	0.066	−2.14**
STUcheck	−0.598	0.144	−4.16***	−0.735	0.280	−2.62**	−0.598	0.181	−3.31***	−0.534	0.157	−3.40***
STUimport	−0.285	0.170	−1.68*	−0.478	0.248	−1.97**	−0.285	0.195	−1.46	−0.279	0.172	−1.62*
TEACHVOC^c	0.013	0.039	0.33	0.022	0.057	0.39	0.013	0.046	0.27	0.007	0.040	0.17
RURAL^c	−0.075	0.046	−1.63	−0.012	0.075	−0.16	−0.075	0.078	−0.97	−0.055	0.039	−1.43
CITY^c	0.001	0.045	0.02	0.080	0.069	1.16	0.001	0.065	0.01	0.004	0.045	0.08
TEACH_stu	−0.001	0.007	−0.10	−0.009	0.011	−0.82	−0.001	0.008	−0.09	0.000	0.007	−0.02
Curr_author^c	0.030	0.033	0.92	0.026	0.053	0.49	0.030	0.039	0.77	0.022	0.034	0.64
Disc_author^c	0.006	0.036	0.17	−0.016	0.064	−0.25	0.006	0.044	0.14	−0.003	0.033	−0.09
Asses_author^c	0.025	0.039	0.65	0.026	0.072	0.36	0.025	0.047	0.53	0.033	0.037	0.89
Budget_author^c	−0.074	0.032	−2.36**	−0.074	0.048	−1.56	−0.074	0.037	−1.99**	−0.067	0.030	−2.22**
Budget_ppal^c	−0.082	0.030	−2.70***	−0.125	0.053	−2.36**	−0.082	0.035	−2.35**	−0.079	0.028	−2.80***
Constant	1.467	0.089	16.46***	1.634	0.132	12.37***	1.467	0.102	14.34***	1.453	0.089	16.35***
/sigma	0.097	0.008		0.096	0.012		0.097	0.008		0.089

‘Coef.’ is the estimated coefficient. SE is the robust standard error of the estimated coefficient. Number of schools = 71
Source: authors’ estimations using PISA 2012 data
* p < 0.10
** p < 0.05
*** p < 0.01
^aCensored regression model with 16 left-censored observations at value 1
^bTruncated regression model with 16 left-truncated observations at value 1
^cDummy variables. Reference categories for school dummies are: non-vocational technical school; school located in a town with more than 3000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants; the national authorities do not have a considerable responsibility for determining the content of the courses or establishing student disciplinary policies or distributing the school budget or establishing the students assessment policies; the school principal does not have a considerable responsibility for distributing the school budget