Table 3 Farmers’ and institutional characteristics per irrigation category
From: Production risk and adoption of irrigation technology: evidence from small-scale farmers in Chile
Category | Modern irrigation | Traditional irrigation | Non-irrigators | Whole simple | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N° | Mean | N° | Mean | N° | Mean | N° | Mean | |
Age | – | 54.44 | – | 55.03 | – | 56.36 | – | 56.13 |
Male | 55 | 79.0 % | 876 | 76.0 % | 4236 | 70.0 % | 5165 | 71.0 % |
Reside in plot | 54 | 77.0 % | 657 | 57.0 % | 4780 | 79.0 % | 5528 | 76.0 % |
Education | ||||||||
No education | 2 | 2.9 % | 67 | 5.80 % | 163 | 2.70 % | 233 | 3.20 % |
Incomplete elementary | 29 | 41.4 % | 548 | 47.50 % | 3685 | 60.90 % | 4263 | 58.60 % |
Complete elementary | 8 | 11.4 % | 209 | 18.10 % | 938 | 15.50 % | 1157 | 15.90 % |
Incomplete secondary | 9 | 12.9 % | 90 | 7.80 % | 411 | 6.80 % | 516 | 7.10 % |
Complete secondary | 6 | 8.6 % | 122 | 10.60 % | 381 | 6.30 % | 509 | 7 % |
Incomplete technical | 0 | 0.0 % | 6 | 0.50 % | 24 | 0.40 % | 29 | 0.40 % |
Complete technical | 11 | 15.7 % | 55 | 4.80 % | 248 | 4.10 % | 313 | 4.30 % |
Incomplete college | 1 | 1.4 % | 12 | 1 % | 48 | 0.80 % | 58 | 0.80 % |
Complete college | 4 | 5.7 % | 44 | 3.80 % | 151 | 2.50 % | 196 | 2.70 % |
Dependence | ||||||||
>75 | 25 | 35.7 % | 205 | 17.80 % | 1355 | 22.40 % | 1586 | 21.80 % |
>50 and <75 | 12 | 17.1 % | 98 | 8.50 % | 714 | 11.80 % | 829 | 11.40 % |
>25 and <50 | 13 | 18.6 % | 186 | 16.10 % | 1222 | 20.20 % | 1426 | 19.60 % |
<25 | 20 | 28.6 % | 664 | 57.60 % | 2753 | 45.50 % | 3433 | 47.20 % |
Credit | 43 | 61.40 % | 224 | 19.40 % | 1767 | 29.20 % | 2073 | 28.50 % |
Secure tenure (hectares) | ||||||||
Own with registered title | 1391.5 | 73.6 % | 24034.8 | 67.6 % | 68,787.3 | 31.8 % | 94,213.6 | 37.1 % |
Rented | 305.5 | 16.2 % | 7625.5 | 21.4 % | 6004.6 | 2.8 % | 13,935.6 | 5.5 % |
Occupied | 18.1 | 1.0 % | 10.5 | 0.0 % | 64,069.9 | 29.6 % | 64,098.5 | 25.2 % |
Other | 174.6 | 9.20 % | 3884.4 | 11.00 % | 77,717.9 | 35.90 % | 81,776.9 | 32.20 % |
Extension services | 27 | 38.60 % | 92 | 8 % | 974 | 16.10 % | 1091 | 15 % |
Participation in organizations | 22 | 31.40 % | 351 | 30.40 % | 914 | 15.10 % | 1287 | 17.70 % |
Average number per locality | – | 76 | – | 321 | – | 546 | – | 945 |
Observations | 70 | 1153 | 6051 | 7274 | ||||