Skip to main content

Table 7 Estimates of the models of technology adoption

From: Production risk and adoption of irrigation technology: evidence from small-scale farmers in Chile

Variables

Probit

Irrigation = 1

Ordered probit+

Level: 1, 2, 3

Multinomial probit

Probit on selected sample

Modern irrigation = 1

Probit with sample selection

Modern irrigation = 1

Modern

Traditional

Moments of production distribution

 Mean

0.036 (0.029)

0.018 (0.018)

0.053 (0.077)

0.050 (0.046)

0.135 (0.100)

0.1498 (0.092)

 St. Dev.

0.521 (0.143)***

0.154 (0.125)

−0.325 (0.351)

0.844 (0.195)***

−1.129 (0.292)***

−0.943 (0.271)***

 Skewness

0.039 (0.017)**

0.005 (0.016)

−0.013 (0.040)

0.068 (0.024)**

−0.108 (0.034)***

−0.087 (0.032)***

Household characteristics

 Gender

0.133 (0.073)*

0.129 (0.055)**

0.055 (0.192)

0.224 (0.108)**

−0.261 (0.233)

−0.235 (0.223)

 Age

−0.164 (0.105)

−0.117 (0.084)

0.209 (0.294)

−0.321 (0.159)**

0.192 (0.348)

0.139 (0.324)

 Education

0.068 (0.016)***

0.062 (0.013)***

0.144 (0.036)***

0.071 (0.028)**

0.131 (0.0472)***

0.125 (0.045)***

 Reside in farm

0.123 (0.072)*

0.053 (0.0532)

0.399 (0.227)*

0.128 (0.108)

0.695 (0.241)***

0.647 (0.239)***

 Dependence

0.017 (0.029)

−0.005 (0.024)

0.017 (0.070)

0.028 (0.043)

−0.016 (0.080)

−0.0006 (0.0751)

 Capital

0.009 (0.004)**

0.008 (0.003)**

0.025 (0.012)*

0.009 (0.006)

0.029 (0.013)**

0.0254 (0.012)**

 Land

0.138 (0.036)***

0.085 (0.035)**

0.366 (0.099)***

0.121 (0.050)**

0.117 (0.089)

0.121 (0.082)

Institutional aspects

 Secure tenure

0.223 (0.095)**

0.239 (0.068)***

0.650 (16.302)

0.261 (0.131)**

0.601 (0.470)

0.497 (7.043)

 Extension

0.235 (0.098)**

0.260 (0.088)***

0.639 (0.184)***

0.112 (0.158)

0.481 (0.238)**

0.434 (0.224)*

 Credit

0.161 (0.087)*

0.213 (0.071)***

0.638 (0.181)***

0.006 (0.136)

0.457 (0.22)**

0.475 (0.204)**

 Participation

0.205 (0.070)**

0.098 (0.054)*

0.056 (0.180)

0.355 (0.105)***

−0.213 (0.200)

−0.136 (0.182)

 N° irrigat (T)

0.0019 (0.0001)***

0.0012 (0.000)***

0.001 (0.000)***

0.002 (0.0002)***

−0.001 (0.0002)***

−0.0011 (0.0002)***

 N° irrigat (M)

−0.0007 (0.0006)

−0.001 (0.0003)***

0.0029 (0.001)**

−0.002 (0.0008)**

0.002 (0.0009)***

0.002 (0.0009)**

Environmental factors

 Soil quality

−0.652 (0.154)***

−0.138 (0.117)

−0.813 (0.457)*

−0.924 (0.226)***

0.661 (0.454)

0.586 (0.480)

 Rainfall

−1.191 (0.067)***

−0.885 (0.052)***

−0.383 (0.237)

−1.791 (0.094)***

  

 North zone

1.151 (0.300)***

0.375 (0.098)

2.249 (5.865)

1.599 (5.867)

−0.524 (0.310)*

−0.404 (0.295)

 South zone

−0.530 (0.131)***

−0.859 (0.131)

−0.794 (0.250)***

−28.95 (3.388)***

  

 Constant

6.435 (0.693)***

 

−2.555 (16.397)

10.117 (1.027)***

−2.873 (1.430)**

−2.823 (7.087)

 Cut1

 

−4.636 (0.530)***

    

 Cut2

 

−2.246 (0.495)

    

 Observations

7274

7274

7274

1223

1223

  1. Bootstrapped standard errors in parentheses, 1000 replications
  2. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1