Poverty, vulnerability, and the middle class in Latin America

Latin American Economic Review

Table 10 Effect size analysis of the variation in the percentage of urban population.

Country	2003				2013				Pooled SD	d
Country	Obs.	Mean	SD	Var.	Obs.	Mean	SD	Var.	Pooled SD	d
BRA	168000000	0.84	0.37	0.13	194000000	0.85	0.36	0.13	0.36	−0.016
COL	40700000	0.74	0.44	0.19	45800000	0.77	0.42	0.18	0.43	−0.054
CRI	3512837	0.58	0.49	0.24	4696885	0.62	0.49	0.24	0.49	−0.087
DOM	8617583	0.71	0.45	0.21	10200000	0.67	0.47	0.22	0.46	0.074
ECU	12800000	0.66	0.47	0.22	15800000	0.68	0.47	0.22	0.47	−0.034
HND	6800938	0.46	0.50	0.25	8535692	0.47	0.50	0.25	0.50	−0.023
PAN	3030994	0.63	0.48	0.23	3728782	0.66	0.47	0.22	0.48	−0.078
PER	27500000	0.70	0.46	0.21	31600000	0.75	0.43	0.19	0.45	−0.128
PRY	5670238	0.56	0.50	0.25	6709530	0.60	0.49	0.24	0.49	−0.074
SLV	6237766	0.60	0.49	0.24	6164886	0.63	0.48	0.23	0.49	−0.056

Obs. number of observations, SD standard deviation, Var. variance, d Cohen’s d effect size indicator