Dep. Var.: Share of food | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Small set of control variables | Extended set of control variables | |||||
Using Expenditure | Using Income | Using income as instrument of expenditure | Using Expenditure | Using Income | Using income as instrument of expenditure | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
Dummy for ENGH 96/97 | − 0.110*** | − 0.086*** | − 0.115*** | − 0.099*** | − 0.076*** | − 0.104*** |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
Dummy for ENGH 04/05 | − 0.111*** | − 0.101*** | − 0.115*** | − 0.100*** | − 0.084*** | − 0.105*** |
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.006) | |
Ln of household expenditure | − 0.118*** | − 0.130*** | − 0.097*** | − 0.108*** | ||
(0.002) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.004) | |||
Ln of household income | − 0.101*** | − 0.072*** | ||||
(0.003) | (0.003) | |||||
Food prices/non-food prices | 0.038*** | 0.050*** | 0.032** | 0.046*** | 0.061*** | 0.041*** |
(0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | (0.015) | |
Ln household size | 0.088*** | 0.097*** | 0.094*** | 0.082*** | 0.078*** | 0.086*** |
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
Dummy for capital federal | − 0.032*** | − 0.042*** | − 0.026*** | − 0.027*** | − 0.034*** | − 0.024*** |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
% of members ages 0–4 | − 0.088*** | − 0.115*** | − 0.096*** | − 0.070*** | − 0.075*** | − 0.075*** |
(0.014) | (0.015) | (0.014) | (0.016) | (0.017) | (0.016) | |
% of members ages 5–9 | − 0.042*** | − 0.075*** | − 0.049*** | − 0.038** | − 0.050*** | − 0.042*** |
(0.013) | (0.014) | (0.013) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) | |
% of members ages 10–15 | − 0.027** | − 0.065*** | − 0.035*** | − 0.029* | − 0.044** | − 0.032** |
(0.013) | (0.014) | (0.013) | (0.016) | (0.017) | (0.016) | |
% of members ages 15–19 | − 0.020 | − 0.050*** | − 0.024* | − 0.029** | − 0.045*** | − 0.030** |
(0.012) | (0.013) | (0.012) | (0.014) | (0.014) | (0.014) | |
% of members ages 20–35 | − 0.015** | − 0.014* | − 0.015** | |||
(0.007) | (0.008) | (0.007) | ||||
% of members ages 35–60 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.005 | |||
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | ||||
Male head | 0.028*** | 0.027*** | 0.028*** | 0.031*** | 0.033*** | 0.030*** |
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.006) | (0.005) | |
Spouse present | − 0.011* | − 0.019*** | − 0.011* | − 0.024 | − 0.035 | − 0.023 |
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.027) | (0.029) | (0.027) | |
Head has a job | − 0.003 | − 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.009 |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
Spouse has a job | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.009 |
(0.008) | (0.009) | (0.008) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.008) | |
Head and spouse have both a job | − 0.016* | − 0.012 | − 0.016* | − 0.015* | − 0.012 | − 0.015* |
(0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | |
Owner occupied | 0.058*** | 0.071*** | 0.057*** | 0.070*** | 0.085*** | 0.067*** |
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | |
Free housing occupied | 0.068*** | 0.084*** | 0.063*** | 0.076*** | 0.092*** | 0.071*** |
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | |
Head has public job | − 0.011* | − 0.004 | − 0.011* | |||
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | ||||
Head has private job | − 0.008 | − 0.003 | − 0.007 | |||
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | ||||
Head self-employed | − 0.012** | − 0.007 | − 0.013** | |||
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | ||||
Head employer | − 0.024*** | − 0.027*** | − 0.021*** | |||
(0.008) | (0.008) | (0.008) | ||||
Household has a last one car | − 0.034*** | − 0.048*** | − 0.029*** | |||
(0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | ||||
Number of income recipients | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | |||
(0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | ||||
Head is married | 0.018 | 0.026 | 0.017 | |||
(0.027) | (0.029) | (0.027) | ||||
Head is single | 0.017*** | 0.017** | 0.015** | |||
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | ||||
Head unmarried with spouse | 0.025 | 0.036 | 0.022 | |||
(0.027) | (0.029) | (0.027) | ||||
Head has primary complete education | − 0.008 | − 0.013** | − 0.007 | |||
(0.005) | (0.005) | (0.005) | ||||
Head has secondary incomplete education | − 0.027*** | − 0.037*** | − 0.023*** | |||
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | ||||
Head has secondary complete education | − 0.026*** | − 0.040*** | − 0.022*** | |||
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.006) | ||||
Head has superior incomplete education | − 0.050*** | − 0.068*** | − 0.043*** | |||
(0.009) | (0.009) | (0.009) | ||||
Head has superior complete education | − 0.043*** | − 0.062*** | − 0.035*** | |||
− 0.006 | − 0.007 | − 0.007 | ||||
Head has a second job | (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.001) | |||
− 0.006 | − 0.006 | − 0.006 | ||||
Spouse has a second job | (0.014) | − 0.015* | (0.013) | |||
− 0.009 | − 0.009 | − 0.009 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: agriculture, fishing, etc. | 0.001 | (0.001) | 0.002 | |||
− 0.024 | − 0.028 | − 0.024 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: mining | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.009) | |||
− 0.034 | − 0.034 | − 0.033 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: food manufacturing | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.002) | |||
− 0.011 | − 0.012 | − 0.011 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: textile manufacturing | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.008 | |||
− 0.009 | − 0.009 | − 0.009 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: other manufacturing | (0.001) | (0.004) | 0.000 | |||
− 0.006 | − 0.006 | − 0.006 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: electricity, gas and water | 0.008 | 0.015 | 0.008 | |||
− 0.014 | − 0.014 | − 0.014 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: construction | 0.015** | 0.016** | 0.014** | |||
− 0.007 | − 0.007 | − 0.007 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: wholesale and retail trade | 0.000 | (0.004) | 0.000 | |||
− 0.007 | − 0.007 | − 0.007 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: restaurants and hotels | 0.032*** | 0.031** | 0.031** | |||
− 0.012 | − 0.013 | − 0.012 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: transport, and Communication | 0.016** | 0.017** | 0.016** | |||
− 0.007 | − 0.007 | − 0.007 | ||||
Sector of head’s job: financing, insurance, etc. | − 0.002 | − 0.006 | 0.000 | |||
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | ||||
Sector of head’s job: education, health, etc. | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.001 | |||
(0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | ||||
Sector of head’s job: repair services | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.014 | |||
(0.011) | (0.012) | (0.011) | ||||
Sector of head’s job: other sectors | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 | |||
(0.008) | (0.009) | (0.008) | ||||
Constant | 1.148*** | 1.020*** | 1.225*** | 1.012*** | 0.838*** | 1.080*** |
(0.016) | (0.019) | (0.020) | (0.019) | (0.022) | (0.028) | |
Observations | 10,380 | 10,364 | 10,364 | 10,380 | 10,364 | 10,364 |
R-squared | 0.407 | 0.35 | 0.405 | 0.424 | 0.382 | 0.422 |
Adj. R-squared | 0.406 | 0.349 | 0.404 | 0.421 | 0.379 | 0.420 |