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Table 4 Investment equations, II.

From: Asymmetric real-exchange-rate effects on capital accumulation: evidence from non-linear ARDL models for Mexico

 

(4.1)

(4.2)

(4.3)

(4.4)

Estimated coefficients

Depreciation component, RERD

0.304 (0.00)

0.308 (0.00)

0.287 (0.06)

0.336 (0.05)

Appreciation component, RERA

0.311 (0.00)

0.506 (0.00)

0.666 (0.00)

0.564 (0.02)

Industrial production index

2.904 (0.00)

1.773 (0.00)

  

Government investment

− 0.417 (0.00)

− 0.357 (0.00)

− 0.329 (0.00)

− 0.317 (0.00)

Nominal interest rate, NIR

− 0.464 (0.00)

− 0.566 (0.00)

− 0.593 (0.02)

− 0.596 (0.02)

Annual inflation rate, INF

0.298 (0.00)

0.370 (0.00)

0.332 (0.02)

0.343 (0.01)

Monetary aggregate M3

   

− 0.469 (0.37)

Manufacturing exports

 

0.629 (0.00)

1.062 (0.00)

1.041 (0.00)

Gross domestic product

  

0.752 (0.00)

0.744 (0.00)

Error-correction coefficient, ρ

− 0.801 (0.00)

− 0.675 (0.00)

− 0.421 (0.00)

− 0.439 (0.00)

Intercept shifts

1995–2016, post-tequila crisis

− 4.04 (0.00)

− 6.85 (0.00)

− 6.90 (0.00)

− 7.79 (0.00)

2013–2016, global slowdown

− 1.83 (0.00)

− 1.99 (0.00)

− 2.48 (0.00)

− 1.70 (0.02)

Diagnostics

Jarque–Bera

0.413

0.502

0.788

0.989

Breusch‒Godfrey, n = 4

0.364

0.620

0.187

0.168

ARCH

0.523

0.448

0.854

0.752

Ramsey’s RESET

0.859

0.928

0.256

0.195

Adjusted R-squared

0.850

0.871

0.903

0.906

Wald and bounds tests

Wald RERD = RERA

0.933

0.071

0.011

0.298

Wald NIR = − INF

0.070

0.053

0.071

0.072

Bounds t statistic

− 8.40***

− 7.30***

− 5.53***

− 5.16**

Bounds F statistic

16.44***

13.65***

10.69***

9.40***

  1. Dependent variable: private fixed investment
  2. Long-run coefficients from non-linear EC ARDL models, 1988Q1‒2016Q3, 115 quarterly observations
  3. For illustrative purposes, the p values for the di coefficients from Eq. (3a) in the text are shown in parenthesis, next to the estimated coefficients
  4. For an explanation of the diagnostic, Wald, and bounds tests, see Tables 1 and 2
  5. The intercept was omitted from columns (4.3) and (4.4) due to lack of significance. Column (4.1) includes a quarterly outlier dummy for 2009Q3, while columns (4.3) and (4.4) include one for 1999Q2 (not shown)
  6. The estimated intercept shifts are reported as % of the investment levels observed in 1994 and 2012
  7. All the variables are measured in natural logs times 100, except NIR and INF (in %) and M3 (% of GDP)