Table 2 Cross-section dependence (CD) test: cross-section correlations of the residuals in ADF(P) regressions

From: The dynamic linkage between renewable energy, tourism, CO₂ emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade

Variables	Lags
Variables	1	2	3	4
co₂	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.01]^a	[0.04]^b
re	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.01]^a	[0.00]^a
y	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a
trs	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.02]^b	[0.03]^b
tr	[0.01]^a	[0.02]^b	[0.01]^a	[0.02]^b
fdi	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a	[0.00]^a

Under the null hypothesis of cross-sectional independence, the CD statistic is distributed as a two-tailed standard normal. Results are based on the test of Pesaran (2004). Figures in brackets denote P-values. Significance levels: a (1%) and b (5%)

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