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Table 5 FMOLS and DOLS long-run estimates

From: The dynamic linkage between renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, economic growth, foreign direct investment, and trade

Variable

FMOLS

DOLS

Coefficient

t-statistic

Prob.

Coefficient

t-statistic

Prob.

y

1.265

10.676

0.00***

1.216

11.516

0.00***

re

− 0.108

− 2.213

0.02**

− 0.103

− 2.348

0.03**

trs

− 0.354

− 3.297

0.00***

− 0.333

− 2.956

0.00***

tr

0.313

2.846

0.01***

0.283

2.216

0.04**

fdi

− 0.275

− 8.651

0.00***

− 0.269

− 3.986

0.00***

  1. “***” and “**”indicate statistical significance at the levels 1% and 5%, respectively