Table 1 Argentina’s institutional breakdowns.
Breakdown | Characteristics of breakdown | Period | GDP per capita | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level ($) | Growth rate (%) | Standard deviation | |||
Military coup | Electoral fraud, legislative malapportionment | 1930–1943 | 3994 | − 0.3 | 4.5 |
Rise of Perón | Prosecution, repression, and torture of political opponents; widespread government favoritism; end of judicial independence; forced resignation of Supreme Court justices; nullification of constitution | 1946–1955 | 4992 | 1.8 | 4.8 |
Revolución Libertadora | Ban of political parties, civilian and military power seizure, government favoritism, forced resignation of Supreme Court justices | 1955–1958 | 5420 | 3.3 | 1.7 |
Fragile radical (UCR) administrations | Widespread government favoritism, use of executive power to declare state of economic emergency, legislative malapportionment, ban of political parties, power seizure by military | 1958–1966 | 5790 | 1.6 | 5.8 |
Revolución Argentina | Coup, end of university autonomy, armed guerrilla violence, forced resignation of Supreme Court justices | 1966–1973 | 7095 | 2.7 | 2.2 |
Second Perón era | Expropriation of foreign bond holdings, forced resignation of Supreme Court justices, nationalization of banks, prohibition of foreign media services, abrogation of university autonomy | 1973–1976 | 8095 | 1.0 | 3.8 |
Military dictatorship | Brutal violence against political opponents, assassinations in various parts of civil society, massive violation of human rights, political arrests without trial, torture and intimidation, politicization of armed forces, forced resignation of Supreme Court justices | 1976–1983 | 7843 | − 1.1 | 4.7 |