Table 2 Changes in the wage premium and the relative supply and demand for unskilled workers (high school dropouts) assuming alternative values for elasticity σHD.
Country | High school dropouts | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wage premium | Relative supply | Relative demand (σSU= 2) | Relative demand (σSU= 3) | Relative demand (σSU= 4) | |||||||||||
1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |
Argentina | 1.1 | − 1.7 | − 1.7 | 1.6 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 2.2 | − 0.1 | 4.9 | 0.5 | − 1.8 | 6.0 | − 1.2 | − 3.4 |
Bolivia | − | − 4.0 | 1.8 | – | 7.3 | 4.8 | – | − 0.7 | 8.4 | – | − 4.8 | 10.3 | – | − 8.8 | 12.1 |
Brazil | − 1.4 | − 2.3 | − 2.9 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.2 | − 1.9 | 0.6 | − 2.1 | − 4.8 |
Chile | 0.5 | − 2.1 | − 1.5 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 8.0 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 8.5 | − 1.9 | − 0.1 | 9.0 | − 3.9 | − 1.6 |
Colombia | − 1.7 | 0.0 | − 1.2 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 5.1 | 0.8 | − 0.3 | 5.1 | − 0.4 |
Costa Rica | − 0.5 | − 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 7.6 | − 0.3 | 0.9 | 8.9 | − | − 2.4 | 8.5 |
Ecuador | − | − 1.2 | 0.2 | 4.6 | − 0.3 | 5.1 | 1.7 | − 2.6 | 5.4 | 0.3 | − 3.8 | 5.6 | − 1.2 | − 5.0 | 5.7 |
Honduras | 0.0 | − 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 7.9 | 2.6 | − 1.4 | 9.2 | 2.7 | − 3.3 | 9.8 | 2.7 | − 5.2 | 10.5 |
Mexico | − 1.4 | − 1.2 | 0.2 | 4.6 | − 0.3 | 5.1 | 1.7 | 4.0 | – | 1.4 | 3.5 | − | 1.2 | 3.1 | – |
Nicaragua | − 0.2 | − 0.4 | − | 2.1 | 4.9 | – | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.9 | − 0.6 | 3.3 | 1.6 | − 2.6 | 3.9 |
Panama | − 0.3 | − 2.0 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 1.9 | − 0.6 | 3.3 | 1.6 | − 2.6 | 3.9 |
Paraguay | 0.3 | − 4.1 | − 4.1 | 2.7 | 6.0 | 4.6 | 3.4 | − 2.1 | − 3.7 | 3.7 | − 6.2 | − 7.8 | 4.1 | − 10.3 | − 11.9 |
Peru | 1.7 | − 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 5.9 | 5.3 | − 1.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | − 4.0 | 6.7 | 8.8 | − 6.0 | 7.0 |
El Salvador | − 3.3 | 0.5 | − 1.6 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 3.1 | − 0.8 | − 3.0 | 3.6 | − 2.4 | − 6.3 | 4.1 | − 4.0 |
Uruguay | − 0.3 | 0.1 | − 3.4 | − 1.4 | − 2.2 | 11.1 | − 2.0 | − 2.0 | 4.3 | − 2.3 | − 1.9 | 1.0 | − 2.5 | − 1.8 | − 2.4 |
Venezuela | 0.0 | − 2.6 | − 0.9 | 2.9 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 4.6 | 3.0 | − 0.5 | 3.7 | 3.0 | − 3.1 | − 2.8 |
Mean | − 0.4 | − 1.6 | − 0.9 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 2.2 | − 0.9 | 3.0 | 1.9 | − 2.5 | 2.1 |
Mean 9 countries | − 0.2 | − 1.6 | − 0.9 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 2.3 | − 1.2 | 3.2 | 2.0 | − 2.7 | 2.3 |
Mean 12 countries | − 0.6 | − 1.5 | − 1.2 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 1.9 | − 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | − 2.1 | 0.4 |