From: Intergenerational transmission of education: the relative importance of transmission channels
Benchmark results | Including mothers | Highest parental values | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | Std.Err. | Coef. | Std.Err. | Coef. | Std.Err. | |
Equation 1 (Ability measure) | ||||||
Father’s ability | 0.245*** | 0.015 | ||||
Mother’s ability | 0.288*** | 0.014 | 0.385*** | 0.011 | ||
Parents’ ability (highest) | 0.407*** | 0.010 | ||||
Female | –0.032** | 0.014 | –0.015 | 0.011 | –0.012 | 0.011 |
Old parents | –0.047*** | 0.014 | –0.052*** | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.011 |
Young parents | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.021* | 0.012 | 0.020* | 0.012 |
First born | 0.021 | 0.015 | 0.020* | 0.012 | 0.022* | 0.012 |
Equation 2 (Father’s education) | ||||||
Father’s ability | 0.347*** | 0.013 | ||||
Father’s age | –0.195*** | 0.013 | ||||
Indigenous father | –0.053*** | 0.013 | ||||
Father grew up in city | 0.185*** | 0.013 | ||||
Equation 3 (Mother’s education) | ||||||
Mother’s ability | 0.374*** | 0.013 | 0.357*** | 0.010 | ||
Mother’s age | –0.211*** | 0.012 | –0.239*** | 0.010 | ||
Indigenous mother | –0.071*** | 0.012 | –0.076*** | 0.010 | ||
Mother grew up in city | 0.186*** | 0.013 | 0.254*** | 0.010 | ||
Equation 3’ (For highest parental education) | ||||||
Parents’ ability (highest) | 0.365*** | 0.010 | ||||
Parents’ age (highest) | –0.246*** | 0.010 | ||||
Indigenous parents (at least 1) | –0.078*** | 0.010 | ||||
Parents grew up in city | 0.234*** | 0.010 | ||||
Equation 4 (Wealth index) | ||||||
Father’s education | 0.275*** | 0.016 | ||||
Mother’s education | 0.155*** | 0.017 | 0.329*** | 0.012 | ||
Parents’ education (highest) | 0.362*** | 0.011 | ||||
Father’s ability | 0.034** | 0.014 | ||||
Mother’s ability | 0.118*** | 0.015 | 0.154*** | 0.012 | ||
Parents’ ability (highest) | 0.148*** | 0.011 | ||||
Indigenous father | –0.121*** | 0.016 | ||||
Indigenous mother | –0.208*** | 0.016 | –0.276*** | 0.010 | ||
Indigenous parents (at least 1) | –0.256*** | 0.010 | ||||
Father’s age | 0.049** | 0.021 | ||||
Mother’s age | 0.155*** | 0.021 | 0.133*** | 0.011 | ||
Parents’ age (highest) | 0.117*** | 0.011 | ||||
Equation 5 (Consumption) | ||||||
Father’s education | 0.300*** | 0.016 | ||||
Mother’s education | 0.198*** | 0.017 | 0.407*** | 0.011 | ||
Parents’ education (highest) | 0.444*** | 0.011 | ||||
Father’s ability | 0.042*** | 0.015 | ||||
Mother’s ability | 0.130*** | 0.015 | 0.154*** | 0.012 | ||
Parents’ ability (highest) | 0.138*** | 0.011 | ||||
Indigenous father | –0.053*** | 0.017 | ||||
Indigenous mother | –0.116*** | 0.017 | –0.156*** | 0.011 | ||
Indigenous parents (at least 1) | –0.140*** | 0.010 | ||||
Father’s age | 0.087*** | 0.022 | ||||
Mother’s age | 0.054** | 0.021 | 0.107*** | 0.011 | ||
Parents’ age (highest) | 0.102*** | 0.011 | ||||
Equation 6 (Schooling outcome) | ||||||
Cognitive ability | 0.218*** | 0.015 | 0.252*** | 0.012 | 0.246*** | 0.012 |
Wealth index | 0.146*** | 0.019 | 0.152*** | 0.015 | 0.155*** | 0.015 |
Consumption | 0.073*** | 0.018 | 0.094*** | 0.015 | 0.086*** | 0.014 |
Father’s education | 0.086*** | 0.018 | ||||
Mother’s education | 0.136*** | 0.018 | 0.158*** | 0.013 | ||
Parents’ education (highest) | 0.172*** | 0.013 | ||||
Female | 0.040*** | 0.014 | 0.043*** | 0.011 | 0.046*** | 0.011 |
Rural area | –0.007 | 0.017 | –0.007 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.014 |
Oportunidades | 0.057*** | 0.017 | 0.041*** | 0.013 | 0.041*** | 0.013 |
Worked in 2002 | –0.143*** | 0.015 | –0.128*** | 0.012 | –0.122*** | 0.012 |
Worked in 2005 | –0.029* | 0.015 | –0.036*** | 0.012 | –0.037*** | 0.012 |
First born | 0.029** | 0.014 | 0.028** | 0.011 | 0.027** | 0.011 |
Number children | –0.090*** | 0.014 | –0.080*** | 0.011 | –0.083*** | 0.011 |
Number teenagers | –0.100*** | 0.015 | –0.090*** | 0.012 | –0.090*** | 0.012 |
Government program dummies | Included | Included | Included | |||
State fixed effects | Included | Included | Included | |||
Sample size | 4,266 | 6,547 | 6,690 | |||
\(R^2\) | 0.249 | 0.256 | 0.264 |