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Table 2 Variable definition, data sources and descriptive statistics

From: Oil price, energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions: insight into sustainability challenges in Venezuela

Variable

Definition

Source

Engy

Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)

World Development Indicators, World Bank

CO2

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)

World Development Indicators, World Bank

Rgdpc

GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)

World Development Indicators, World Bank

OilP

Crude oil price (US$ per barrel)

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2018

GCE

General government final consumption expenditure (in per capita constant 2010 US$)

World Development Indicators, World Bank

Trd

Trade (sum of imports and exports % of GDP)

World Development Indicators, World Bank