Table 4 Single equation results (OLS and IV estimates)
From: Intergenerational transmission of education: the relative importance of transmission channels
OLS | IV-1 | IV-2 | IV-3 | IV-3b | IV-3c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability of the child\(^+\) | 0.209*** | 0.232*** | 0.225*** | 0.204*** | 0.205*** | 0.220*** |
(0.015) | (0.084) | (0.046) | (0.018) | (0.018) | (0.017) | |
Father’s education\(^+\) | 0.095*** | 0.198* | 0.093*** | 0.218** | 0.245*** | |
(0.018) | (0.117) | (0.019) | (0.098) | (0.068) | ||
Mother’s education\(^+\) | 0.143*** | 0.030 | 0.142*** | 0.042 | 0.156** | |
(0.018) | (0.094) | (0.019) | (0.087) | (0.061) | ||
Wealth index\(^+\) | 0.134*** | 0.128*** | 0.132*** | 0.126*** | 0.128*** | 0.151*** |
(0.020) | (0.024) | (0.021) | (0.024) | (0.024) | (0.022) | |
Log consumption\(^+\) | 0.069*** | 0.067** | 0.068*** | 0.062*** | 0.065*** | 0.090*** |
(0.018) | (0.028) | (0.018) | (0.024) | (0.024) | (0.022) | |
Worked in 2002 | –0.386*** | –0.388*** | –0.384*** | –0.385*** | –0.389*** | –0.402*** |
(0.044) | (0.048) | (0.044) | (0.046) | (0.046) | (0.046) | |
Worked in 2005 | –0.076** | –0.080** | –0.075** | –0.077** | –0.081** | –0.089** |
(0.034) | (0.037) | (0.034) | (0.036) | (0.035) | (0.036) | |
First born | 0.076*** | 0.081*** | 0.076*** | 0.079*** | 0.082*** | 0.083*** |
(0.029) | (0.031) | (0.029) | (0.030) | (0.029) | (0.030) | |
Gender | 0.072*** | 0.071*** | 0.073*** | 0.071*** | 0.070*** | 0.070*** |
(0.026) | (0.026) | (0.026) | (0.026) | (0.026) | (0.026) | |
Number of children | –0.062*** | –0.063*** | –0.061*** | –0.064*** | –0.065*** | –0.061*** |
(0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | (0.012) | |
Number of teenagers | –0.073*** | –0.071*** | –0.073*** | –0.071*** | –0.070*** | –0.077*** |
(0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | (0.013) | |
Constant | –0.075 | –0.110 | –0.078 | –0.146 | –0.135 | 0.064 |
(0.121) | (0.196) | (0.121) | (0.164) | (0.167) | (0.139) | |
Child’s ability instrumented | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Parental education instrumented | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Control variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
N | 4,266 | 4,266 | 4,266 | 4,266 | 4,266 | 4,266 |
Hansen J-statistic | 1.658 | 2.728 | 1.842 | 0.864 | 0.150 | |
Hansen J-statistic (p value) | 0.198 | 0.099 | 0.398 | 0.353 | 0.699 | |
Weak instr. test (statistic) | 66.828 | 323.284 | 113.838 | 233.928 | 269.153 | |
Weak instr. test (p value) | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
Endogeneity test (\(\chi ^2\) stat.) | 2.053 | 0.175 | 1.860 | 1.981 | 0.186 | |
Endogeneity test (p value) | 0.562 | 0.676 | 0.394 | 0.159 | 0.666 |