Measuring the efficiency of public schools in Uruguay: main drivers and policy implications

Latin American Economic Review

Table 6 Efficiency drivers: second-stage estimations (PISA 2009)

Explanatory variables	Conventional Tobit^a			Truncated + bootstrap^b			Tobit + bootstrap^a			OLS + bootstrap
Explanatory variables	Coef.	SE	t	Coef.	SE	z	Coef.	SE	z	Coef.	SE	z
PCTCORRECT	−0.20	0.05	−4.28***	−0.257	0.066	−3.91***	−0.196	0.053	−3.72***	−0.149	0.040	−3.70***
TEST^c	−0.04	0.03	−1.42	−0.100	0.056	−1.79*	−0.039	0.032	−1.23	−0.040	0.023	−1.75*
HOMEWORK^c	−0.07	0.03	−2.41**	−0.060	0.033	−1.82*	−0.069	0.034	−2.02***	−0.037	0.019	−1.95*
EXTREADING	0.01	0.19	0.05	−0.146	0.265	−0.55	0.010	0.220	0.05	−0.049	0.150	−0.33
TEACHVOC^c	0.04	0.03	1.56	0.105	0.041	2.58***	0.043	0.032	1.34	0.042	0.024	1.76*
RURAL^c	0.01	0.03	0.27	0.057	0.056	1.02	0.009	0.037	0.25	0.004	0.027	0.14
CITY^c	0.00	0.04	−0.05	−0.002	0.054	−0.04	−0.002	0.050	−0.04	−0.011	0.043	−0.25
TEACHSTU	0.00	0.00	−0.04	−0.004	0.009	−0.47	0.000	0.005	−0.03	0.000	0.004	0.04
Curr_author^c	0.06	0.03	1.76*	0.019	0.059	0.32	0.060	0.042	1.43	0.028	0.025	1.11
Disc_author^c	0.00	0.03	0.07	−0.020	0.046	−0.44	0.002	0.037	0.06	−0.004	0.029	−0.15
Asses_author^c	−0.04	0.02	−1.64*	−0.021	0.035	−0.61	−0.040	0.027	−1.47	−0.025	0.020	−1.21
Budget_author^c	−0.03	0.03	−1.25	−0.009	0.037	−0.23	−0.033	0.030	−1.08	−0.022	0.023	−0.93
Budget_ppal^c	−0.01	0.03	−0.20	0.019	0.040	0.49	−0.005	0.029	−0.18	0.008	0.021	0.38
Constant	1.17	0.05	21.34***	1.242	0.074	16.86***	1.167	0.069	17.03***	1.173	0.049	24.11***
/sigma	0.100	0.010		0.086	0.012		0.100	0.010		0.085

‘Coef.’ is the estimated coefficient. SE is the robust standard error of the estimated coefficient. Number of schools = 98
Source: authors’ estimations using PISA 2009 data
* p < 0.10
** p < 0.05
*** p < 0.01
^aCensored regression model with 26 left-censored observations at value 1
^bTruncated regression model with 26 left-truncated observations at value 1
^cDummy variables. Reference categories for school dummies are: non-vocational technical school; school located in a town with more than 3000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants; students are assessed through test with monthly frequency or less; students are assessed through homework with frequency less than monthly; the national authorities do not have a considerable responsibility for determining the content of the courses or establishing student disciplinary policies or distributing the school budget or establishing the students assessment policies; the school principal does not have a considerable responsibility for distributing the school budget; the school board does not have a considerable responsibility for distributing the school budget