Table 2 Industry tariffs and informality interaction with share of small size-firms at the industry level in 1980 OLS and IV estimation
From: Trade liberalization and informality in Argentina: exploring the adjustment mechanisms
Dep. var.: informality status of workers | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
A) OLS | ||||
Log of tariffs | 0.011 [0.015] | 0.044 [0.018]** | 0.043 [0.018]** | 0.049 [0.019]** |
Log of tariffs*S | − 0.143 [0.037]*** | − 0.144 [0.037]*** | − 0.165 [0.040]*** | |
Observations | 26795 | 26795 | 26795 | 26795 |
R2 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
B) IV-Second-stage results: informality | ||||
Log of tariffs | − 0.178 [0.208] | 0.087 [0.083] | 0.091 [0.083] | 0.1 [0.084] |
Log of tariffs*S | − 0.202 [0.054]*** | − 0.2 [0.055]*** | − 0.257 [0.065]*** | |
Observations | 26795 | 26795 | 26795 | 26795 |
C) First-stage results: tariffs | ||||
Log of tariffs | ||||
\(z^{1}\) | − 0.037 [0.066] | − 0.168 [0.080]** | − 0.168 [0.080]** | − 0.158 [0.081]* |
\(z^{1}\)*S | 0.06 [0.020]*** | 0.06 [0.020]*** | 0.061 [0.022]*** | |
\(z^{2}\) | − 0.147 [0.112] | − 0.198 [0.107]* | − 0.198 [0.107]* | − 0.201 [0.111]* |
\(z^{2}\)*S | 0.31 [0.220] | 0.31 [0.220] | 0.315 [0.221] | |
\(R^2\) | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
Log of tariffs*S | ||||
\(z^{1}\) | − 0.05 [0.024]** | − 0.05 [0.024]** | − 0.045 [0.024]* | |
\(z^{1}\)*S | − 0.076 [0.009]*** | − 0.076 [0.009]*** | − 0.073 [0.009]*** | |
\(z^{2}\) | 0.024 [0.031] | 0.022 [0.031] | 0.018 [0.031] | |
\(z^{2}\)*S | − 0.145 [0.080]* | − 0.147 [0.080]* | − 0.145 [0.082]* | |
\(R^2\) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | |
Kleibergen-Papp Wald F | 1.09 | 2.38 | 2.38 | 2.08 |
Anderson-Rubin Wald F test (p-value) | 0.0358 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 |